In situ resource utilization for metals and oxygen production provides a sustainable possibility for humans to explore the Moon and deep space. Ultra-high temperature electrochemistry (UTE) is a promising and revolutionary technology for the low-carbon extraction of metals and in situ production of oxygen on the Moon. It is hence of urgency to systematically summarize the development of UTE. The recent work from Xiao group and Jiao group has analyzed the basic concepts of UTE and the physicochemical properties of molten oxides, discussed the principles in the design of inert anodes for the oxygen evolution reaction in molten oxides, and highlighted the liquid metal cathodes for revolutionary metal extraction. Further challenges and perspectives are also emphasized in this review, providing valuable inspiration for the rapid advancement of UTE. The mentioned work is now accepted for publication in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206482). Many congratulations.